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Open Access Article

International Journal of Materials Science. 2025; 7: (1) ; 1-7 ; DOI: 10.12208/j.ijms.20250001.

Current status of biochar remediation of heavy metal-salinization complex polluted soils
生物质炭修复重金属-盐渍化复合污染土壤研究现状

作者: 隋凤凤 *, 华倚墨, 高张, 马建君, 崔立强, 全桂香, 严金龙

盐城工学院盐城工学院 江苏盐城;

盐城工学院 江苏盐城;

*通讯作者: 隋凤凤,单位:盐城工学院盐城工学院 江苏盐城; ;

发布时间: 2025-12-25 总浏览量: 58

摘要

气候变化背景下,由于海水倒灌引起的土壤盐渍化问题会日益严峻,土壤盐渍化过程会导致土壤质量下降并增加土壤中重金属有效性。本文通过相关文献的综合对比发现,生物质炭的施用看有效改良重金属-盐渍化复合污染土壤,其主要机制包括两个方面,一方面,生物质炭的施用可有效降低土壤中Na+等盐基离子的含量,从而降低盐碱土的EC并提高土壤CEC,进而降低盐碱土中养分离子的淋溶,提高土壤的保肥保水能力;另一方面,生物质炭具有的高比表面积、丰富的孔隙结构、较高的有机质含量、丰富的表面官能团结构以及较高的碳氮比等特性,可有效吸附络合盐碱土中游离态的重金属离子,增加稳定态重金属离子的形成及比例。然而,未改性生物质炭的施用可能会增加盐碱土中砷的迁移风险及毒性,相比于未改性生物质炭,铁改性生物质炭对砷污染盐碱土具有显著的改良效果。综上,生物质炭的改性处理可能为解决复杂的重金属-盐渍化污染土壤提供有效途径,然而,未来研究应深度挖掘利用不同改性生物质炭改良重金属-盐碱化土壤的生态效应及环境稳定性。

关键词: 海水倒灌;重金属-盐渍化复合污染;生物质炭

Abstract

Against the backdrop of climate change, the problem of soil salinization caused by seawater intrusion will become increasingly severe. Furthermore, heavy metal pollution will further exacerbate the decline in soil quality and heighten the risk of soil degradation. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis of relevant literature, this paper finds that the application of biochar can effectively remediate soils affected by combined heavy metal and salinization pollution. The main mechanisms behind this effect include two aspects: On one hand, the application of biochar can effectively reduce the content of base ions such as Na⁺ in the soil, thereby lowering the electrical conductivity (EC) of saline-alkali soils and increasing the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC). This, in turn, reduces the leaching of nutrient ions from saline-alkali soils and enhances the soil's ability to retain fertilizers and water. On the other hand, biochar possesses characteristics such as a high specific surface area, abundant porous structure, high organic matter content, rich surface functional group structure, and a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. These properties enable it to effectively adsorb and complex free heavy metal ions in saline-alkali soils, promoting the formation of stable heavy metal ions and increasing their proportion in the soil. Notably, modified treatment of biochar may serve as an effective measure to address the issue of complex heavy metal-salinization contaminated soils.

Key words: Seawater intrusion; Heavy metal-salinization pollution; Biochar

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引用本文

隋凤凤, 华倚墨, 高张, 马建君, 崔立强, 全桂香, 严金龙, 生物质炭修复重金属-盐渍化复合污染土壤研究现状[J]. 国际材料科学通报, 2025; 7: (1) : 1-7.